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Partitioning tables is also an effective way of purging or archiving older data that is not currently needed. It is very common for large data warehouses to archive data that is older than a certain date, and partitioned tables make archiving easy. For example, each quarter you can drop the oldest partition and replace it with a new partition. The partitioned table in this case will end up having roughly the same amount of data, and it will cover the same length of time (a quarterly collection of company data for three years will always have 12 partitions in the table). In addition, large table exports can be performed more quickly when you partition the table into smaller chunks and export each partition separately. Oracle offers five different ways to partition your table data: range partitioning, hash partitioning, list partitioning, composite range-hash partitioning, and composite range-list partitioning. No matter which partitioning method you use, you must specify the following information when creating a partitioned table: Partitioning method: This is one of the five types of partitioning. Partitioning column (or columns): This is the column or columns on the basis of which you want to partition the table (for example, transaction_date). The range or set of values of the partitioning columns are called the partitioning keys. The partition descriptions: These descriptions specify the criteria for the inclusion of the actual partitioning keys in each partition. You use a partition bound for range partitioning and use the clause VALUES LESS THAN, to limit the partitioning key values in each partition. In list partitioning, you specify a list of literal values that tell Oracle what partitioning key values qualify for inclusion in a partition. The following sections discuss the different types of partitioning and show how to partition a table.

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f the only thing you needed to learn about were Oracle database administration, your life would be so much easier. However, to ensure that your database performs efficiently, you ll also need to understand the operating system. In this chapter, you ll examine UNIX. The first part of the chapter covers the most important UNIX/Linux commands for you to know. Most of the UNIX and Linux operating system commands are identical, but I ll show you the differences where they exist. You ll learn about files and directories and how to manage them, as well as UNIX processes and how to monitor them. You ll then learn how to edit files using the vi text editor and how to write shell scripts. As an Oracle DBA, you ll need to know how to use UNIX services such as the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which enables you to easily exchange files between computers; telnet, a program that lets you enter commands on a remote computer from a local computer; and the remote login and remote copy services. This chapter provides you with an introduction to these useful features. You ll also learn the key UNIX administrative tools for performing system backups and monitoring system performance. There s also some discussion of the basics of RAID systems and the use of the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) to manage disk systems. Toward the end of the chapter, you ll find some coverage of data storage arrays and new techniques to enhance availability and performance.

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The UNIX and Linux operating systems are similar in many ways, and users can transition easily from one to the other. From the DBA s point of view, there are few differences in commands and utilities when you migrate from one operating system to the other, since they all share common roots.

UNIX became the leading operating system for commercial enterprises during the 1980s and 1990s. Although IBM mainframes still perform well for extremely large (multiterabyte) databases, most medium to large firms have moved to UNIX for its economy, versatility, power, and stability. UNIX has a rich history, progressing through several versions before reaching its current popular place in the operating system market. I could spend quite a bit of time discussing the history and variants of the UNIX system, but I ll simplify the discussion by stating that, in reality, the particular UNIX system variant that a DBA uses doesn t make much difference. UNIX has become well known as a multitasking, multiuser system and it is currently the most popular platform for major Oracle implementations. The most popular UNIX flavors on the market as of this writing are Sun Solaris,